欧亨利简介.ppt全文

1. 欧亨利简介.ppt全文

 欧亨利简介 欧亨利由来 生平介绍 作品欣赏 风格简介 欧亨利由来 生平简介 生平简介 作品欣赏-主要作品 代表作有小说集 《白菜 与国王》、《四百万》、《命运之路》等。一些名篇如《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》、《带家具出 租的房间》、《麦琪的礼物》、《最后一片藤叶》等使他获得了世界声誉。 风格简介 作品欣赏-警察与赞美诗 作品欣赏-警察与赞美诗 作品欣赏-警察与赞美诗 作品欣赏-麦琪的礼物 作品欣赏-麦琪的礼物 作品欣赏-麦琪的礼物 贝尔曼的形象分析： 在平凡甚至有点令人讨厌的外表下有一颗火热的爱心，虽然穷困潦倒，却无私关怀、帮助他人，甚至不惜付出生命的代价．他是一个善良、富有同情心和牺牲精神的人． 雨果是这样描写他的：四面体的鼻子，马蹄形的嘴，被茅草似的棕色眉毛所堵塞的细小左眼，被一个大瘤所遮盖的右眼，上下两排宛如城堡垛子似的参差不齐的牙齿，那沾满浆渣的嘴，开叉似的下巴…… 主题： 本文讲述了老画家贝尔曼用生命绘制毕生杰作，点燃别人即将熄灭的生命火花的故事，歌颂了穷苦朋友相濡以沫的珍贵友情和普通人的美好心灵． 语言幽默风趣夸张讽刺，善于渲染悲剧的色彩，让读者在俏皮的描写中领悟内在庄严的思想情感，在生动活泼中给人启迪．是“含着眼泪的微笑”． * * 最后的常春藤叶 [美]欧·享利 一天早晨，波特看见两个人站在酒吧的柜台旁边，一个是为《民主时代》工作的艺 术家思斯特·海普纳；另一个是年轻记者比利·包尔。
  波特过去跟他们一起喝酒。东拉西扯地聊了几句以后，波特转身对老说：“欧，亨利！再照样来一份！”等着，波特从口袋里掏出一篇稿子说：“弟兄们，瞧，这是我写的我不想署上自己的名字，我用个什么名字才好呢？海普纳平静地说：“你干吗不干脆署上‘欧·享利’呢？天知道，你不是常常把个名字挂在嘴上吗？ 波特笑了，当时他并没把这个玩笑放在心上。后来，他进了监狱。在一间又小又脏的单人牢房里，他写了一篇无与伦比的短篇小说，然而署名却使他绞尽了脑汁，因为这名字必须掩盖自己的身份和耻辱。蓦然间，他脑子里闪出了“烟厂酒吧”里那个快乐愉 悦的场景。波特伸出手，拿起面前的稿子，在上面签上了——欧·亨利。 欧。亨利（O.HENRY,原名威廉。西德尼。波特，1862--1910），美国著名小说家。以短 篇小说著称。代表作有短篇小说集《四百万》等，其中《麦琪的礼物》等编什脍炙人口，饮誉全球。他的作品编织了一个个幽默而伤感的短篇故事，被称为"美国生活的幽默百 科全书"。评论家大多认为他的创作具有"惊人持久的影响"，而他巧妙的结尾则被称作" 欧。亨利式的结尾"享誉文坛。
   欧。亨利，1862年出生于美国北卡罗来纳洲格林斯波罗镇的一个医生家庭，1910年于纽 约去世，年仅48岁。欧。亨利短暂的一生充满了种种的不幸。他在《麦琪的礼物》中感叹："人生是由啜泣? 抽噎、微笑组成的，而抽噎占了大部分。"三岁时欧。亨利便失去了母爱，由父亲带着回 到孀居的祖母身边。他的姑姑是为教师，她严格而富于启发性的教导使他对文学产生了 I浓厚的兴趣。17岁时，他开始在叔叔的药店里当学徒，在那里，他接触了形形 *** 、希 奇古怪的人物，熟悉了他们的语言、作派及行事的方式，为后来的创作准备了丰富的素 材。他在药店学到的医学知识在以后的作品------如《同病相怜》-------中也得到了反 映。 882年，欧。亨利离开了故乡，来到得克萨斯洲。5年后，他与阿索尔。阿斯蒂斯。罗奇 结婚。年轻的阿索尔聪慧而又乐观，她鼓励丈夫进行创作；然而不幸的是她身体很差， 结婚10年，年仅29的她便抛下丈夫和女儿玛格丽特撒手人寰，这对欧。亨利无疑是一个 巨大的打击。 1891年，欧。亨利开始在得克萨斯洲首府奥斯汀第一国民银行当出纳员。在此工作期间 ，他买下当地一份叫《反对崇拜圣像者》的杂志，将其更名为《滚石》，开始在上面发 表些讽刺及幽默小品。
  因为不善经营，杂志不但没有给欧。亨利带来可观的收入，反而 使他债台高筑。此时奥斯汀银行发现短缺了一笔资金，有人疑为欧。亨利挪用，于是欧 亨利受到起诉。1895年7月，案件初审，结果对欧。亨利有利，但次年，妻子病危，欧 。亨利冒险归来探视，终于在妻子死后被捕，被判在俄亥俄洲监狱服刑5年不幸的遭遇、流浪的岁月、监狱的禁闭，以及和多种多样的任务接触，给了欧亨利丰富的创作题材。在他的笔下，我们看到了美国不同阶级和不同这会地位的形形 *** 的人物。尤其是居于资本主义社会底层的所谓小人物，更是他经常描写的对象。他的小说因此曾被喻为“美国生活的幽默的百科全书”从题材的性质来看，欧亨利的作品大致可分为三类。一类一描写美国西部生活为主；一类写的是美国一些大城市的生活；一类则以拉丁美洲生活为对象。这些不同题材，显然与作者一生中几个主要生活时期的不同经历有着密切的联系。 欧亨利是一位风格独特的作家。他的作品充满了幽默风趣和诙谐机智。他的语言生动精练，留有想象的余地，耐人寻味。他用寥寥几笔就能刻画一个人物。他善于把平常的生活现象加以概括综合，然后以不平常的形式表现出来，能抓住生活中的偶然因素，给予故事一个意外的结局。
  索比急躁不安地躺在麦迪逊广场的长凳上，辗转反侧。每当雁群在夜空中引颈高歌，缺少海豹皮衣的女人对丈夫加倍的温存亲热，索比在街心公园的长凳上焦躁不安、翻来复去的时候，人们就明白，冬天已近在咫尺了。 一片枯叶落在索比的大腿上，那是杰克·弗洛斯特①的卡片。杰克对麦迪逊广场的常住居民非常客气，每年来临之先，总要打一声招呼。在十字街头，他把名片交给“户外大厦”的信使“北风”，好让住户们有个准备。 索比意识到，该是自己下决心的时候了，马上组织单人财务委员会，以便抵御即将临近的严寒，因此，他急躁不安地在长凳上辗转反侧。 索比越冬的抱负并不算最高，他不想在地中海巡游，也不想到南方去晒令人昏睡的太阳，更没想过到维苏威海湾漂泊。他梦寐以求的只要在岛上待三个月就足够了。整整三个月，有饭吃，有床睡，还有志趣相投的伙伴，而且不受“北风”和警察的侵扰。对索比而言，这就是日思夜想的最大愿望。多年来，好客的布莱克韦尔岛的监狱一直是索比冬天的寓所。正像福气比他好的纽约人每年冬天买票去棕榈滩和里维埃拉一样，索比也要为一年一度逃奔岛上作些必要的安排。现在又到时候了。昨天晚上，他睡在古老广场上喷水池旁的长凳上，用三张星期日的报纸分别垫在上衣里、包着脚踝、盖住大腿，也没能抵挡住严寒的袭击。
   
  因此，在他的脑袋里，岛子的影象又即时而鲜明地浮现出来。他诅咒那些以慈善名义对城镇穷苦人所设的布施。在索比眼里，法律比救济更为宽厚。他可以去的地方不少，有市政办的、救济机关办的各式各样的组织，他都可以去混吃、混住，勉强度日，但接受施舍，对索比这样一位灵魂高傲的人来讲，是一种不可忍受的折磨。从慈善机构的手里接受任何一点好处，钱固然不必付，但你必须遭受精神上的屈辱来作为回报。正如恺撒对待布鲁图一样⑤，凡事有利必有弊，要睡上慈善机构的床，先得让人押去洗个澡；要吃施舍的一片面包，得先交待清楚个人的来历和隐私。因此，倒不如当个法律的座上宾还好得多。虽然法律铁面无私、照章办事，但至少不会过分地干涉正人君子的私事。 这是一个令人觉得可笑的故事。主人公苏贝在冬天即将到来的时候，开始为进入他的冬季寓所--布莱克韦尔监狱作出努力，使尽各种办法想让警察逮捕他。可是欧亨利简介，均未成功。正当他受到教堂中赞美诗的音乐的感化，决定放弃过去的生活，重新开始时，却被警察抓了起来，“如愿”地被送到了监狱里。 作者用了一种轻松幽默的笔调描写了苏贝这个流浪汉为达到自己可笑的目的而作出的可笑的尝试，例如到餐厅骗吃骗喝，砸商店的橱窗，调戏 *** ，扰乱治安，行窃。
  令人觉得不可思议、更为可笑的事警察先生们对这些违法的举动并没有予以惩罚反而显示出了一种“宽容”。当苏贝放弃了自己原先的想法时，“宽容”的警察却逮捕了什么也没干的他，这真是一个绝妙的讽刺。由此，可笑变成了可怜、可气。 一元八角七。全都在这儿了，其中六角是一分一分的铜板。这些分分钱是杂货店老板、菜贩子和肉店老板那儿软硬兼施地一分两分地扣下来，直弄得自己羞愧难当，深感这种掂斤播两的交易实在丢人现眼。德拉反复数了三次，还是一元八角七，而第二天就是圣诞节了。 除了扑倒在那破旧的小睡椅上哭嚎之外欧亨利简介，显然别无他途。 德拉这样作了，可精神上的感慨油然而生，生活就是哭泣、抽噎和微笑，尤以抽噎占统治地位。 当这位家庭主妇逐渐平静下来之际，让我们看看这个家吧。一套带家具的公寓房子，每周房租八美元。尽管难以用笔墨形容，可它真真够得上乞丐帮这个词儿。 楼下的门道里有个信箱，可从来没有装过信，还有一个电钮，也从没有人的手指按响过电铃。而且，那儿还有一张名片，上写着“詹姆斯·迪林厄姆·杨先生”。 正如诸位所知，麦琪是聪明人，聪明绝顶的人，他们把礼物带来送给出生在马槽里的耶稣。他们发明送圣诞礼物这玩艺儿。由于他们是聪明人，毫无疑问，他们的礼物也是聪明的礼物，如果碰上两样东西完全一样，可能还具有交换的权利。
  在这儿，我已经笨拙地给你们介绍了住公寓套间的两个傻孩子不足为奇的平淡故事，他们极不明智地为了对方而牺牲了他们家最最宝贵的东西。不过，让我们对现今的聪明人说最后一句话，在一切馈赠礼品的人当中，那两个人是最聪明的。在一切馈赠又接收礼品的人当中，像他们两个这样的人也是最聪明的。无论在任何地方，他们都是最聪明的人。 他们就是麦琪。欧亨利对于资本主义社会中各式各样小人物和流浪汉的同情，充分表现在他的许多短片里。就想这篇脍炙人口的小说描写了一对穷困的年轻夫妇互相赠送圣诞礼物的故事。妻子卖了引以为豪的头发去买一条表链，殊不知丈夫正好卖了祖传三代的金表，换来一副装饰头发的梳子。最后，丈夫对着这两件残缺不全的礼物笑了，可是他的笑声中包含着多少辛酸的眼泪啊！ 琼珊的遭遇可以给人怎样的启示？ 每个人都会遇到困难和挫折，关键是看你自己 有没有信心，能不能去面对，有没有勇气战胜 它。琼珊也曾陷入失望之中，但她在贝尔曼用 生命换来的最后一片常春藤叶的鼓舞下，重新 振作起来，直到康复。坚强的信念是生命赖以 延续的精神支柱。 结尾特点 结尾是欧·享利式的结尾。欧·享利短篇小说 的艺术处理上最大的特点就是“小说的意外 结局，出乎意料，又在情理之中。明明朝 着一个方向发展，但结局往往来了个出其不 意，然而那意外的结局一般来说是令人宽慰 的，是带着眼泪的微笑。 *
   

2. 欧·亨利的介绍

欧·亨利（英语：O Henry，1862年9月11日－1910年6月5日），有时又译奥亨利，原名威廉·西德尼·波特（William Sydney Porter），19世纪末20世纪初美国著名短篇小说家，美国现代短篇小说创始人。与法国的莫泊桑、俄国的契诃夫并称为世界三大短篇小说巨匠。 “含泪的微笑”是欧亨利小说的创作风格，是作品喜剧形式和悲剧内涵的有机结合“微笑”是其喜剧形式。 他少年时曾一心想当画家，婚后在妻子的鼓励下开始写作。后因在银行供职时的账目问题而入狱，服刑期间认真写作，并以“欧·亨利”为笔名发表了大量的短篇小说，引起读者广泛关注。他是一位高产的作家，一生中留下了一部长篇小说和近三百篇的短篇小说。他的短篇小说构思精巧，风格独特，以表现美国中下层人民的生活、语言幽默、结局出人意料（即“欧·亨利式结尾”）而闻名于世。

3. 欧·亨利 的简介？

原名威廉·西德尼·波特（William Sydney 
Porter），是美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，曾被评论界誉为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。他出身于美国北卡罗来纳州格林斯波罗镇一个医师家庭。 


他的一生富于传奇性，当过药房学徒、牧牛人、会计员、土地局办事员、新闻记者、银行出纳员。当银行出纳员时，因银行短缺了一笔现金，为避免审讯，离家流亡中美的洪都拉斯。后因回家探视病危的妻子被捕入 

狱，并在监狱医务室任药剂师。他在银行工作时，曾有过写作的经历，担任监狱医务室的药剂师后开始认真写作。1901年提前获释后，迁居纽约，专门从事写作。 


　　欧·亨利善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。代表作有小说集《白菜与国王》、《四百万》、《命运之路》等。其中一些名篇如《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》、《带家具出租的房间》、《麦琪的礼物》、《最后一片藤叶》等使他获得了世界声誉。

4. 欧亨利简介

　　 真实姓名：威廉·西德尼·波特(William Sydney Porter)
　　笔　名：欧·亨利(O.Henry)
　　生卒年代：1862.9.11-1910.6.5
　　美国著名批判现实主义作家，世界三大短篇小说大师之一。
　　原名威廉·西德尼·波特（William Sydney Porter），是美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，曾被评论界誉为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。他出身于美国北卡罗来纳州格林斯波罗镇一个医师家庭。
　　他的一生富于传奇性，当过药房学徒、牧牛人、会计员、土地局办事员、新闻记者、银行出纳员。当银行出纳员时，因银行短缺了一笔现金，为避免审讯，离家流亡中美的洪都拉斯。后因回家探视病危的妻子被捕入狱，并在监狱医务室任药剂师。他创作第一部作品的起因是为了给女儿买圣诞礼物，但基于犯人的身份不敢使用真名，乃用一部法国药典的编者的名字作为笔名。1901年提前获释后，迁居纽约，专门从事写作。 
　　欧·亨利善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。代表作有小说集《白菜与国王》、《四百万》、《命运之路》等。其中一些名篇如《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》、《带家具出租的房间》、《贤人的礼物》、《最后一片藤叶》等使他获得了世界声誉。
　　名 句：“这时一种精神上的感慨油然而生，认为人生是由啜泣、抽噎和微笑组成的，而抽噎占了其中绝大部分。”(《欧·亨利短篇小说选》)

5. 欧·亨利

欧·亨利（O.Henry，1862年9月11日—1910年6月5日），又译奥·亨利，原名威廉·西德尼·波特（William Sydney Porter），美国短篇小说家、美国现代短篇小说创始人，其主要作品有《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》、《最后一片叶子》、《二十年后》等。[1] 
1862年9月11日，欧·亨利生于于美国北卡罗莱纳州格林斯伯勒，曾当过银行职员、药剂师等。1896年2月，欧·亨利因受到盗用公款的指控入狱，后逃亡洪都拉斯。1898年再次入狱，期间开始发表作品。1902年，欧·亨利移居纽约，成为职业作家。1910年6月5日，欧·亨利因肝硬化在美国纽约去世。欧·亨利与契诃夫和莫泊桑并列世界三大短篇小说巨匠，曾被评论界誉为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父，他的作品有“美国生活的百科全书”之誉。
欧·亨利的小说在艺术处理上的最大特点就是它们的“意外结局”，只有到了最后一刻，“谜底”才最终解开，情节的发展似乎明明朝着一个方向在发展，结果却来个出其不意。这意外的结局一般说来是比较令人宽慰的，即便是悲哀的结局，也常包含着某种光明之处，这就是所谓“带泪的微笑”，即“欧·亨利式结尾”。

6. 欧亨利简介

 原名威廉·西德尼·波特（William Sydney Porter），是美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，曾被评论界誉 为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。他出身于美国北卡罗来纳州格林斯波罗镇一个医师家庭。 他的一生富于传奇性，当过药房学徒、牧牛人、会计员、土地局办事员、新闻记者、银行出纳员。当银行出 纳员时，因银行短缺了一笔现金，为避免审讯，离家流亡中美的洪都拉斯。后因回家探视病危的妻子被捕入 狱，并在监狱医务室任药剂师。他在银行工作时，曾有过写作的经历，担任监狱医务室的药剂师后开始认真 写作。1901 年提前获释后，迁居纽约，专门从事写作。 欧·亨利善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意 外；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。代表作有小说集《白菜 与国王》、《四百万》、《命运之路》等。其中一些名篇如《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》、《带家具出 租的房间》、《麦琪的礼物》、《最后一片藤叶》等使他获得了世界声誉。 欧·亨利晚年开始酗酒，身体情况恶化。
  1907 年他再次结婚，但和妻子不和欧亨利简介，一年后即离婚。他的经济情况也不好，为了缓解生活压力欧亨利简介，他不得不以很快速度创作小说来换取稿费，这也导致了他的作品的质量参差不齐。1910 年欧·亨利因肝硬化去世。 O. Henry (1862-1910) - pseudonym of William Sydney Porter Prolific American short-story writer, a master of surprise endings, who wrote about the life of ordinary people in New York City. Typical for O. Henry's stories is a twist of plot which turns on an ironic or coincidental circumstance. Although some critics were not so enthusiastic about his work, the public loved it. O. Henry was born William Sydney Porter in Greenboro, North Carolina. His father, Algernon Sidney Porter, was a physician. When William was three, his mother died, and he was raised by his parental grandmother and paternal aunt. William was an avid reader, but at the age of fifteen he left school, and then worked in a drug store and on a Texas ranch. He continued to Houston, where he had a number of jobs, including that of bank clerk. After moving in 1882 to Texas, he worked on a ranch in LaSalle County for two years. In 1887 he married Athol Estes Roach; they had one daughter and one son. In 1894 Porter started a humorous weekly The Rolling Stone. It was at this time that he began heavy drinking. When the weekly failed, he joined the Houston Post as a reporter and columnist. In 1894 cash was found to have gone missing from the First National Bank in Austin, where Porter had worked as a bank teller. When he was called back to Austin to stand trial, Porter fled to Honduras to avoid trial. Little is known about Porter's stay in Central America. It is said, that he met one Al Jennings, and rambled in South America and Mexico on the proceeds of Jenning's robbery. After hearing news that his wife was dying, he returned in 1897 to Austin. In 1897 he was convicted of embezzling money, although there has been much debate over his actual guilt. Porter entered in 1898 a penitentiary at Columbus, Ohio. In 1907 O. Henry married Sara Lindsay Coleman, also born in Green *** oro. The marriage was not happy, and they separated a year later. O. Henry died of cirrhosis of the liver on June 5, 1910, in New York. Three more collections, SIXES AND SEVENS (1911), ROLLING STONES (1912) and WAIFS AND STRAYS (1917), appeared posthumously. In 1918 the O. Henry Memorial Awards were established to be given annually to the best magazine stories, the winners and leading contenders to be published in an annual volume.O. Henry was the pen name of American writer William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862–June 5, 1910), whose clever use of twist endings in his stories popularized the term "O. Henry Ending". His middle name at birth was Sidney, not Sydney; he later changed the spelling of his middle name when he first began writing as a journalist in the 1880s. Early life William Sidney Porter was born in 1862 on a plantation "Worth Place" in Green *** oro, North Carolina. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved to the home of his paternal grandmother. William was an avid reader, and graduated from his aunt's elementary school in 1876, then enrolled at the Linsey Street High School. In 1879 he started working as a bookkeeper in his uncle's drugstore and in 1881 – at the age of nineteen – he was licensed as a pharmacist. The Move to Texas He relocated to Texas in 1882, initially working on a ranch in La Salle County as a sheep herder and ranch hand, then Austin where he took a number of different jobs over the next several years, including pharmacist, draft *** an, journalist, and clerk. While in Texas he also learned Spanish. In 1887 he eloped with Athol Estes, then eighteen years old and from a wealthy family. Her family objected to the match because both she and Porter suffered from tuberculosis. Athol gave birth to a son in 1888, who died shortly after birth, and then a daughter, Margaret, in 1889. In 1894 Porter started a humorous weekly called The Rolling Stone. Also in 1894, Porter resigned from the First National Bank of Austin where he had worked as a teller, after he was accused of embezzling funds. In 1895, after The Rolling Stone ceased publication, he moved to Houston, where he started writing for the Houston Post. Shortly thereafter, he was arrested for embezzlement in connection with his previous employment in Austin. Flight and Return Porter was granted bond, but the day before he was due to stand trial on July 7, 1896, he absconded to New Orleans and later to Honduras. However, in 1897, when he learned that his wife was dying, he returned to the United States and surrendered to the court, pending an appeal. Athol Estes Porter died July 25, 1897. Porter was found guilty of embezzlement, sentenced to five years jail, and imprisoned April 25, 1898 at the Ohio State Penitentiary. He was released on July 24, 1901 for good behaviour after serving three years. Origin of Pen Name Porter published at least twelve stories while in prison to help support his daughter. Not wanting his readers to know he was in jail, he started using the pen name "O. Henry". It is believed that Porter got this name from one of the guards who was named Orrin Henry. However, there is much debate on this issue: one Porter biographer asserts that the name was derived from a girlfriend's cat, which answered to "Oh, Henry!" Guy Davenport, meanwhile, wrote that the name was a condensation of "Ohio Penitentiary". It also could be an abbreviation of the name of French pharmacist, Etienne-Ossian Henry, who is referred to in the U.S. Dispensatory, a reference work Porter used when he was in the prison pharmacy. Further confusing the issue is that for at least one short story, and for a later autobiographical author profile, Porter signed the "full" name Olivier Henry. Porter also used a number of other noms de plume, most notably "Alex, Longford", and continued using a variety of pen names full-time when he took a writing contract for Ainslee's Magazine in New York City shortly after his release from prison. Eventually, "O. Henry" became the name that was most recognized by magazine editors and the reading public, and therefore led to the greatest fees for story sales. Accordingly, after about 1903 Porter used the "O. Henry" byline exclusively. In fact, after his prison term Porter almost never identified himself in print by his real name, even in private correspondence to close friends. To editors, he was simply O. Henry (or occasionally Olivier Henry). When writing to friends, however, he would routinely sign his letters with one of a wide range of deliberately nonsensical pseudonyms, such as "Horatio Swampwater". A Brief Stay At The Top Porter married again in 1907 to his childhood sweetheart, Sarah Lindsey Coleman. However, despite the success of his short stories being published in magazines and collections (or perhaps because of the attendant pressure success brought), Porter became an alcoholic. Sarah left him in 1909, and he died in 1910 of cirrhosis of the liver. After funeral services in New York City, he was buried in Asheville, North Carolina. His daughter, Margaret Worth Porter, died in 1927 and was buried with her father. Attempts were made to secure a presidential pardon for Porter during the administrations of Woodrow Wilson, Dwight Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan. However, each attempt was met with the assertion that the Justice Department did not recommend pardons after death. This policy was clearly altered during the administration of Bill Clinton (who pardoned Henry Flipper), so the question of a pardon for O. Henry may yet again see the light of day. Stories O. Henry stories are famous for their surprise endings. He was called the American Guy De Maupassant. Both authors wrote twist endings, but O. Henry stories were much more playful and optimistic. Most of O.Henry's stories are set in his own time, the early years of the 20th century. Many take place in New York City, and deal for the most part with ordinary people: clerks, policemen, waitresses. His stories are also well known for witty narration. The Four Million (a collection of stories) opens with a reference to Ward McAllister's "assertion that there were only 'Four Hundred' people in New York City who were really worth noticing. But a wiser man has arisen—the census taker—and his larger estimate of human interest has been preferred in marking out the field of these little stories of the 'Four Million'". To O. Henry, everyone in New York counted. He had an obvious affection for the city, which he called Baghdad on the Subway, and many of his stories are set there—but others are set in *** all towns and in other cities. His famous story A Municipal Report opens by quoting Frank Norris: "Fancy a novel about Chicago or Buffalo, let us say, or Nashville, Tennessee! There are just three big cities in the United States that are 'story cities' — New York, of course, New Orleans, and, best of the lot, San Francisco." Thumbing his nose at Norris, O. Henry sets the story in Nashville. Fundamentally a product of his time, O. Henry's work provides one of the best English examples of catching the entire flavor of an age. Whether roaming the cattle-lands of Texas, exploring the art of the "gentle grifter", or investigating the tensions of class and wealth in turn of the century New York, O. Henry had an inimitable hand for isolating some element of society and describing it with an incredible economy and grace of language. Some of his best and least-known work resides in the collection "Cabbages and Kings", a series of stories which each explore some individual aspect of life in a paralytically sleepy South American town while each advancing some aspect of the larger plot and relating back one to another in a complex structure which slowly explicates its own background even as it painstakingly erects a town which is one of the most detailed literary creations of the period. Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow. O. Henry is so famous for his unexpected plot twists that this warning is especially important. A famous story of his, "The Gift of the Magi", concerns a young couple who are short of money but desperately want to buy each other Christmas gifts. Unbeknownst to Jim, Della sells her most valuable possession, her beautiful hair, in order to buy a platinum fob chain for Jim's watch; unbeknownst to Della, Jim sells his most valuable possession, his watch, to buy jeweled combs for Della's hair. The essential premise of this story has been copied, re-worked, parodied, and otherwise re-told countless times in the century since it was written. The Ransom of Red Chief concerns two men who kidnap a boy of ten. The boy turns out to be so bratty and obnoxious that the desperate men ultimately pay the boy's father two hundred and fifty dollars to take him back. The Cop and the Anthem concerns a New York City hobo named Soapy, who sets out to get arrested so he can spend the cold winter as a guest of the city jail. Despite efforts at petty theft, vandali *** , disorderly conduct, and "mashing", Soapy fails to draw the attention of the police. Disconsolate, he pauses in front of a church, where an organ anthem inspires him to clean up his life - whereupon he is promptly arrested for loitering. In A Retrieved Reformation, safecracker Jimmy Valntine gets a job in a *** all town bank to case it for a robbery. Unexpectedly, he falls in love with the banker's daughter, and decides to go straight. Just as he's about to leave to deliver his specialized tools to an old associate, a lawman who recognizes him arrives at the bank, and a child locks herself in the airtight vault. Knowing it will seal his fate, Valentine cracks open the safe to rescue the child - and the lawman lets him go. [edit] Cultural relations O. Henry once said: "There are stories in everything. I've got some of my best yarns from park benches, lampposts, and newspaper stands." [citation needed] The O. Henry Awards are yearly prizes given to outstanding short stories. The O. Henry Pun-Off World Championships are held in May of each year in Austin, Texas, hosted by the city's O. Henry Museum. O. Henry is a household name in Russia, as his books enjoyed excellent translations and some of his stories were made into popular movies, the best known being, probably, "The Ransom of Red Chief". The phrase "Bolivar cannot carry double" from "The Roads We Take" has become a Russian proverbs, whose origin many Russians do not even recognize. O. Henry's first wife, Athol, was probably the model for Della[1]. In 1952 a film featuring five O. Henry stories was made. The primary one from the critic's acclaim was "The Cop and the Anthem" starring Charles Laughton and Marilyn Monroe. The other stories are "The Clarion Call," "The Last Leaf," "The Ransom of Red Chief," and "The Gift of the Magi." There is an O. Henry Middle School in Austin.
   

7. 欧·亨利

欧·亨利（O.Henry，1862年9月11日—1910年6月5日）原名：威廉·西德尼·波特，美国批判现实主义作家，出生于美国北卡罗莱纳州格林斯伯勒，美国现代短篇小说之父、世界三大短篇小说大师之一。
  
  
 
  
 其创作题材以美国大城市的生活为主，聚焦大城市中的小人物形象，构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外（即“欧·亨利式结尾”）。他的代表作品有《麦琪的礼物》《最后一片叶子》《警察和赞美诗》等。
  
 欧·亨利曾被评论界誉为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。他的一生富于传奇性，当过药房学徒、牧牛人、会计员、土地局办事员、新闻记者、银行出纳员。他的创作紧随莫泊桑和契诃夫之后，而又独树一帜。曾被评论界誉为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。欧·亨利善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。

8. 欧·亨利的概述如何？

美国短篇小说家。出生于美国北卡罗来纳州格林斯波罗镇一个医师家庭。当过药房学徒、牧牛人、新闻记者、银行出纳员等，当银行出纳员时，因银行短缺了一笔现金，为避免审讯，离家流亡中美的洪都拉斯。后被捕入狱，在监狱医务室任药剂师，这段生活为他以后的创作积累了丰富的素材。1901年提前获释后，迁居纽约，专门从事写作。欧·亨利善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓辛酸又充满温情的生活，形成了“含泪的微笑”的风格。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。他的代表作有《爱的牺牲》《警察与赞美诗》《带家具出租的房间》《麦琪的礼物》《最后一片藤叶》等。
欧·亨利